Marine heatwaves are increasing, both in the amount of time they last and in their intensity. Because of their potential impacts on fisheries and other marine goods and services, scientists are working to understand and develop practical marine heatwave predictions.

Cloud feedback refers to the response of clouds to surface temperature change. A positive cloud feedback would amplify greenhouse gas-induced warming and have a stronger cooling effect from aerosol‐cloud interactions. Uncertainties in predicting cloud feedbacks are the largest cause of spread in model predictions of future global warming.

New research looks to expand severe weather outlooks beyond the synoptic weather time scale toward subseasonal-to-seasonal time scales.

Weather and climate models are an essential part of predicting extreme weather events and projecting future changes in climate. Since these models can enable better disaster preparedness and reduce risks related to extreme weather, it is important to ensure that their simulations include limited bias or error.

Accurately simulating summertime large-scale circulation, as well as the cloud response to circulation, is a critical step toward increasing the reliability of seasonal sea ice forecasts and the rate of future sea ice loss.