NOAA buoy observations collectively enabled a systemic synoptic-scale analysis of a 39-year record of atmospheric rivers, offering a unique view of coastal air-sea processes at the time of atmospheric river landfall.

New research uses reanalysis datasets (including one from NOAA) to show how the Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) exhibits 12- to 20-year periods around peak intensity and theorizes on the physical mechanisms responsible. 

Climate Variability & Predictability (CVP) and Modeling, Analysis, Predictions and Projections (MAPP) funded a recent study which proposes a newly-named global teleconnection linking cooling temperature trends over Eurasia and warming trends in the Arctic to variability in low-frequency tropical sea surface temperatures.

In representing the transport of ocean properties such as heat or salinity, the smaller, more complex details may matter significantly according to researchers funded in part by the Climate Variability & Predictability (CVP) program. 

Researchers funded by both the CPO Climate Variability & Predictability (CVP) program and the Modeling, Analysis, Predictions and Projections (MAPP) program rank the performance of over 30 CMIP5/6 climate models in reproducing observed atmosphere-sea ice relationships.