Participants identified rising ocean temperatures, ocean acidification, deoxygenation, harmful algal blooms, extreme events, and the ability to predict and project these changes at scales meaningful to sanctuaries as the most pressing needs.

This protype milestone is an important step toward increasing the use and accessibility of NOAA’s ocean data collected at the Pacific Marine Environmental Lab and other U.S. institutions.

The chapter walks readers through an overview of amplified warming in the Arctic, discussing a variety of processes in the climate system contributing to the warming.

Arctic change is generally discussed with average changes, but extreme events and changes to extremes are felt the most by humans and ecosystems.

This is the first North America-focused study to investigate how well and how consistently reanalysis datasets identify extreme temperature events.